La inhibición de P2X7 mejora el deterioro del sistema ubiquitina-proteasoma asociado con enfermedades neurológicas

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, leída el 12-11-2021The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is the primary intracellular pathway leading to the degradation of misfolded, disassembled, or damaged proteins (Kaushik & Cuervo 2015). The destruction of a target protein is handled by the 26S proteasome complex following the covalent binding of multiple copies of ubiquitin molecules to a substrate protein via an enzymatic cascade (Hershko and Ciechanover,1998). UPS dysfunction has been linked to several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and epilepsy (Stefanis and Keller, 2017; Upadhya et al., 2007, Engel et al., 2017). The impact of the UPS in these diseases may be linked to deficiencies in the clearance of misfolded proteins, which can lead to intracellular protein aggregation, cytotoxicity, and cell death (Leight et al., 1991; Neumann et al., 2006)...El Sistema Ubiquitina-Proteasoma (UPS) es el principal sistema encargado de controlar la proteostasis celular (Kaushik y Cuervo 2015). La destrucción de una proteína diana es operada por el complejo de proteasoma 26S después de la unión covalente de múltiples copias de moléculas de ubiquitina a una proteína sustrato a través de una cascada enzimática (Hershko y Ciechanover, 1998). La disfunción del UPS se ha relacionado con una variedad de enfermedades neurológicas, incluida la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica, la enfermedad de Huntington y la Epilepsia (Stefanis y Keller, 2007; Upadhya et al., 2007; Engel et al, 2017). El impacto del UPS en estas enfermedades puede estar relacionado con deficiencias en la eliminación de proteínas mal plegadas, lo que puede conducir a la agregación de proteínas intracelulares, citotoxicidad y muerte celular (Leight et al., 1991; Neumann et al., 2006)...Fac. de VeterinariaTRUEunpu

Associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasma levels and severity of the illness, recurrence and symptoms in depressed patients.

Background: There is an increasing evidence that the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) could be involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and that its peripheral levels may represent a reliable mirror of its concentration in the brain. The aim of the present study was to measure BDNF plasma levels in patients affected by major depression and to explore the possible relationship between the biological parameter and characteristics of the illness. Method: BDNF plasma levels were evaluated in 30 inpatients suffering from major depression, according to DSM-IV criteria, by means of a commonly-employed ELISA method. The clinical characteristics were assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Results: BDNF plasma levels were significantly lower in the most severe patients than in the others, and the same was true for patients with dissociative symptoms, severe sleep disturbance and recurrent depression. A significant and negative correlation was observed between the biological parameter and the retardation factor score of the HRSD. Conclusion: These findings show that low BDNF levels are related to both recurrence and severity of depression, as well as to symptoms suggesting a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis

Os Pássaros: [The Birds]

This is a text by the Brazilian theatre director, dramaturg and performer, Carolina Bianchi. As Bianchi writes, this text is: “a small reflection on working practices; and to talk about practices it is inevitable that we take into consideration the collectivisation of passions. And if I talk about passions, I talk about my anger. If, for a very long time, the word behind a lot of things in my work was eroticism or libido, I would say that now it is anger. I write with a lot of anger, punishing the keys of my borrowed computer, as if my fingers were iron hammers. In the eye of the pandemic in 2020, since I joined the University of Amsterdam to start a Master's degree, what does it mean to be at a physical distance from those I’ve been working with every day for the last years?”

Arsenic-bearing phases in South Andean volcanic ashes: Implications for As mobility in aquatic environments

Three samples of volcanic ashes collected after eruptions of the volcanos Hudson in 1991, Chaitén in 2008 and Puyehue in 2011 were analyzed in order to define the solid speciation of arsenic and the dynamics of its release to the aqueous phase. The bulk chemical and mineralogical characterization of the samples was performed by ICP/OES, DRX, and SEM/EDS analyses. The chemical composition of the near surface region (first 2-10. nm), along with the As and Fe solid speciation was performed by XPS. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the kinetics of the arsenic release under variable pH conditions. The integrated analysis of these data indicates that arsenic compounds are concentrated onto the ash surface in the form of As(III)-S and As(V)-O species. The As(III) species have been assigned to arsenian pyrite, while As(V)-O compounds have been assigned to adsorbed arsenate ions or Fe arsenate salts precipitated as thin coatings.Although the main As carrier in the studied volcanic ashes is Al-silicate glass, this phase is stable at the neutral pH that dominates the aqueous reservoirs of the area affected by ashfall. Thus, its contribution to the pool of dissolved arsenic is minor. Higher contributions are clearly associated with the more mobile As species that concentrate onto the surface of Al-silicate glass. This more available arsenic represents less than 6% of the total measured arsenic.Fil: Bia, Gonzalo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Borgnino Bianchi, Laura Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Gaiero, Diego Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; Argentin

Distribution of sea-air CO 2 fluxes in the Patagonian Sea: Seasonal, biological and thermal effects

Sea-air CO2 fluxes (FCO2) in the Patagonian Sea (PS) were studied using observations collected in 2000-2006. Based on the PS frontal structures and the thermal and biological contributions to FCO2 we present a regional subdivision between distinct regimes that provide new insights on the processes that control these fluxes. The coastal regime (CR) is a net source of atmospheric CO2 (4.9 x 10-3mol.m-2.d-1) while the open shelf regime (SHR) is a net CO2 sink (-6.0 x 10-3mol.m-2.d-1). The interface between these two regions closely follows the location of along-shore fronts. In addition, based on the nature of the processes that drive the FCO2, the PS is subdivided between northern (NR) and southern (SR) regions. Both, NR and SR are CO2 sinks, but the CO2 uptake is significantly higher in NR (-6.4 x 10-3mol.m-2.d-1) than in SR (-0.5 x 10-3mol.m-2.d-1). The data reveal a strong seasonality in FCO2. The mean CO2 capture throughout the PS in austral spring is -5.8 x 10-3mol.m-2.d-1, reaching values lower than -50 x 10-3mol.m-2.d-1 in NR, while in winter FCO2 is close to equilibrium in SR. The analysis of the biological and thermal effects (BE and TE, respectively) on seasonal pCO2 variability indicates that regions of CO2 emission are dominated by the TE while regions of CO2 uptake are dominated by the BE. Our results indicate that the biological pump is the dominant process determining the sea-air CO2 flux in the PS.Fil: Kahl, Lucía Carolina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval. Departamento Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Bianchi, Alejandro A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval. Departamento Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Osiroff, Ana Paula. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval. Departamento Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Pino, Diana Ruiz. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Piola, Alberto Ricardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval. Departamento Oceanografía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

On the Role of Lateral Force in Texture-Induced Motion Bias During Reaching Tasks

In previous work, we reported that tactile information (tactile slip) during finger sliding and reaching actions over a textured surface contributes to the control of the hand movement. More specifically, we observed a significant bias in the motion trajectories, which was explained by the tactile estimate accounted by the tactile flow model - i.e. a perceived motion direction always perpendicular to the ridge orientation, and its integration with the muscular-skeletal proprioceptive cues. However, to which extent this observed behavior also depends on the reaction force exerted by the surface ridges on the finger pad during the dynamic interaction still represents a largely unexplored research question. If not properly addressed, this point could rise the alternative explanation that the systematic bias is determined by the insufficient compensation of the reaction force by participants. In this work, we investigate the role of the lateral component of the reaction force on the surface plane (lateral force) in texture-related motion bias. We asked participants to slide their finger straight on a lubricated ridged plate towards a target goal displayed in a virtual reality environment. They exerted two different levels of normal force, which produced two different levels of lateral force during the finger interaction with the ridges. The effect of ridge orientation was found to be larger for the high compared to the low force level. However, also in the latter case, we still observed the same biased trajectories reported in our previous work, despite the negligible value of the lateral force. This supports our hypothesis that the motor bias arises from the integration of the tactile motion estimate, biased by the texture, and the other proprioceptive cues

Towards a Technology-Based Assessment of Sensory-Motor Pathological States Through Tactile Illusions

Touch provides important information on the physical properties of external objects, and contributes to the sense of our hand position and displacement in perceptual tasks. Recent studies showed that the texture of the touched surface produced a bias on the perceived tactile motion, ultimately affecting the direction of hand motion in reaching tasks. Specifically, moving on a plate with parallel ridges, the hand motion deviates towards a direction opposite with respect to the one predicted by tactile flow mathematical model, i.e. perpendicular to the ridges. Here, we used this phenomenon to quantitatively assess an impairment in tactile channel. We asked healthy participants slide the hand on a plate with parallel ridges, either with bare fingertip or by wearing a glove. The glove condition simulated a dysfunction in tactile channel, as may occur in pathological conditions, for e.g. due to a neurological disease. Our hypothesis is that, wearing a glove, the systematic error induced by the texture orientation will be smaller because the information provided by the tactile channel is noisier. Results are in agreement with our hypothesis, and could open interesting perspectives towards a quantitative technology-based tool for the assessment of tactile impairment in pathological conditions

Los vicios de la voluntad testamentaria

EL TESTAMENTO COMO ACTO UNILATERAL Y PERSONALÍSIMOEl testamento está definido en el artículo 779 del Código Civil como el acto revocable mediante el cual la persona dispone de todo o parte de sus bienes para después de su muerte. El mencionado artículo, únicamente hace referencia al contenido típico de un testamento: el relativo a la disposición de los bienes por parte del testador (ya sea a título universal mediante la designación de heredero, o a título particular cuando se nombra un legatario). Pero además, el testamento puede tener un contenido atípico de carácter extrapatrimonial, como la designación de un tutor o el reconocimiento de un hijo natural

Efectividad de la terapia cognitivo conductual post desastre: aplicación en personal del Cesfam de Constitución y Registro Civil de Talca que sufrieron el 27 - F

56 p.Introducción: El Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) es un repertorio de reacciones del organismo frente a un evento altamente estresante. Debido al terremoto/tsunami del 27 de febrero (27-F), los índices de TEPT aumentaron considerablemente, por lo que se vuelve imprescindible contar con una terapia que ayude a reducir la sintomatología de este trastorno. La Terapia Cognitivo Conductual Post Desastre (TCCPD), desarrollada y probada en Estados Unidos, se presenta como una alternativa ideal para mitigar los efectos del TEPT, ya que es rentable, flexible y con alta adherencia. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de la TCCPD en dos grupos de personas que sufrieron el 27-F: personal del CESFAM de Constitución y del Registro Civil de Talca. Método: Esta investigación es de tipo aplicado y su diseño cuasi-experimental pre-post. Se trabajó con una muestra de 22 personas diagnosticadas con TEPT mediante la escala SPRINT-E. Luego, se aplicó la TCCPD, registrándose la asistencia para cuantificar la adherencia a la terapia. Resultados: La media de síntomas intensos de TEPT post TCCPD es significativamente menor que la cantidad media de síntomas intensos previos a la terapia. Además, la tasa de adherencia superó los porcentajes esperados en ambos grupos. Conclusión: La TCCPD resultó estadísticamente significativa en la disminución de la sintomatología intensa y presentó un alto porcentaje de adherencia en ambos grupos. Por lo tanto, es una herramienta que disminuye efectivamente los síntomas del TEPT. Palabras claves: 27-F, Desastre natural, TEPT, TCCPD, Adherencia, Efectividad terapéutica